Dynamic lines – these are wrinkles that are caused by contraction of the muscles of facial expression. Repeated compression of the skin along these lines breaks down the collagen fibres which support the skin to form specific lines and wrinkles. Initially, these wrinkles can only be seen when the muscles contract e.g when you smile/frown, however, as the skin becomes progressively creased, the lines may often appear at rest.

Loss of facial volume – When we are younger, our face is more plump and full as time passes, this volume is lost. Fat around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead are depleted. This loss of volume leads to some bagginess of skin and the formation of wrinkles. Loss of facial volume also results in an older, more gaunt appearance, as is often seen with dramatic weight loss. Microcurrent Non-surgical facial toning can help to replace this lost volume – improving both wrinkles and the overall youthfulness of the face.

Gravity – The inescapable pull of gravity draws the skin downwards on the face. This leads to drooping of the cheeks and formation of nasolabial lines (the lines from the corners of the mouth to the nose) and jowls, drooping of the eye skin and formation of upper and lower lid laxity and wrinkles.

Sleep lines – These are caused by the compression of the skin from contact of the pillow to the face when sleeping. Their location is determined by the underlying attachments of the muscles of the face. Pillow contact puts pressure on these attachments and causes sleep lines. Sleep lines can often be found on the forehead, around the eyes, cheeks and upper lip, and are not created by muscle contraction.

Other External Factors – Sun damage, smoking and poor diet can also cause a thinning of the skin, de-hydration and a break down of collagen leading to the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. Skin re-surfacing technologies like Microdermabrasion, and the ultrasonic peel can help to reduce the signs of premature lines and wrinkles by stimulating the production of new collagen. Hydrating treatments like Hydratone and Oxygen therapy can help to re-hydrate the skin and plump out deep lines and wrinkles.